India has identified its first Mpox (formerly Monkeypox) case, involving a young man currently isolated in a designated care facility. The patient had recently traveled from a region where Mpox continues to spread, but remains clinically stable, with no systemic illnesses or comorbidities. The case aligns with prior risk assessments and is being managed according to standard health protocols.
Early Symptoms of Mpox
From this case, two subtle early symptoms have emerged as critical indicators:
- Fever and Headache: Often mistaken for signs of a common viral fever, a high-grade fever accompanied by a headache could be an early warning sign of Mpox. The infection period typically begins 1-2 days before the appearance of the rash. Once the rash develops, the patient becomes infectious, with the scabbing process taking an additional two days.
Dr. Neha Patel Nakshiwala, Consultant in Infectious Diseases at Bhailal Amin General Hospital, explains: “Mpox begins with a prodromal phase resembling common viral illnesses. Symptoms include fever, body aches, fatigue, headache, and sometimes a sore throat. Swelling of the lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), particularly in the cervical, axillary, or inguinal regions, is a distinctive feature.” - Rash Development: The most prominent Mpox symptom is a rash that starts on the face, hands, and legs, spreading inward. The rash can appear on mucous membranes, including the tongue and genitals. Unlike other viral rashes, Mpox rashes are often painful and may last for 2-4 weeks.
Dr. Shailaja Mane, Head of Pediatrics at DPU Super Speciality Hospital, notes: “Lesions in Mpox typically begin on the face, often accompanied by fever, muscle pain, and sore throat. Within 2-3 days after the fever, the rash begins to form. These lesions can itch and spread to the palms, soles, oral cavity, and genitalia. In some cases, the conjunctiva may also be involved.”
Rash Progression
The rash progresses through several stages, starting as redness (erythema) before forming raised macules, papules, vesicles, and eventually pustules. The entire cycle can take up to a week. Vulnerable populations, including children and immunocompromised individuals, are at higher risk of contracting Mpox.
Transmission of Mpox
Mpox can be transmitted both from animals to humans and between humans, especially through direct contact with lesions, contaminated surfaces, and even through sexual contact in certain high-risk groups. Early detection before the rash appears can be challenging, but once the rash is visible, diagnosis becomes easier.
Subtle Signs to Watch For
- Lymphadenopathy: Swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, underarms, or groin may appear before the rash, serving as a subtle but important early sign.
- Persistent Rash: Unlike other viral rashes that clear up in a few days, the Mpox rash can persist for 2-4 weeks, distinguishing it from other illnesses.
Precautionary Measures
To reduce the risk of contracting Mpox, individuals should avoid crowded places and be cautious about touching surfaces that may be contaminated. Handling objects such as furniture or bed linens in areas with high Mpox prevalence should be avoided.
Remaining vigilant and recognizing early symptoms can play a crucial role in containing the spread of Mpox.
